However, regular use of other abusive behaviors by the batterer, when reinforced by one or more acts of physical violence, make up a larger system of abuse. Physical and sexual assaults, or threats to commit them, are the most apparent forms of domestic violence and are usually the actions that allow others to become aware of the problem. It has been translated into over 40 languages and has resonated with the experience of battered women world-wide. The Power and Control Wheel was developed by the Domestic Abuse Intervention Program from the experience of battered women in Duluth who had been abused by their male partners. Often, it is difficult to identify various forms of abuse, particularly when they are indirect or not as obvious as physical and/or sexual violence. Isolation from friends and family, using children as bargaining tools, and threatening deportation and/or using a victim’s legal status as a means to keep them in an abusive relationship are also common patterns of domestic violence abuse. While each case is unique, abusers use a range of abusive behavior to control their partners including physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, financial, and spiritual abuse. Reports show that 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men have experienced rape, physical violence and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime, and on average, 24 people per minute are victims of rape, physical violence or stalking by an intimate partner in the United States. While women are disproportionately victims, men are also victim of domestic violence. Power and Control Domestic violence is a pattern of controlling behavior used to maintain power in a relationship by one partner over the other.
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